How to Create a Cybersecurity Roadmap

The modern organization is constantly defending itself against attacks from across the internet. However, a successful network defense requires a coordinated approach and a clear plan. You need a cybersecurity roadmap that gives your network security efforts direction and structure. 

Why you need a cybersecurity roadmap

According to the Center for Internet Security (CIS), a cybersecurity roadmap is an assessment of current capability and a gap analysis with a short- to long-term vision for integrating security practices.

Among other benefits, this roadmap helps you identify your current position, define your goals, and plan the steps you need to take to get there. Let’s quickly discuss how a cybersecurity roadmap bolsters your network security: 

Prioritizes your efforts

By having a roadmap, you can determine the most critical vulnerabilities. For instance, if you know that your email system is your most vulnerable point, you can allocate resources to secure it first. This focused approach prevents you from being overwhelmed by the myriad of threats out there. 

Helps you track your progress

With a clear roadmap for your cybersecurity efforts, you can set milestones, such as implementing multi-factor authentication within the next quarter or conducting a company-wide phishing simulation by the end of the year. These checkpoints help you gauge how well you are doing and if you need to adjust your course.

Fosters better communication within your team

With a cybersecurity roadmap in place, everyone knows what's expected and when. If you have a planned upgrade of your firewall system, for example, your IT team will be well aware and can prepare accordingly. This prevents last-minute scrambles and ensures everyone is on the same page.

Ultimately, a cybersecurity roadmap is about being proactive rather than reactive. Instead of waiting for a cyberattack to happen and then scrambling to contain it, you can take steps to prevent it in the first place.

Common threats to company networks

Phishing attacks

These attacks often come through email, where malicious actors masquerade as trusted contacts to steal personal information. You could receive an email that looks like it's from your CEO, asking for sensitive data. Without proper safeguards, you might accidentally grant network access to an intruder.

Ransomware

This malicious software encrypts your data, rendering it useless until you pay a ransom to the attackers. For instance, in 2020 ransomware attack forced Travelex, a forex exchange company into administration and caused the loss of 1,309 jobs. Such incidents highlight the importance of having robust backups and an efficient incident response plan.

Unpatched vulnerabilities

Cybercriminals often exploit these weaknesses to gain unauthorized access to your network. Remember the WannaCry attack? It took advantage of unpatched systems and caused widespread disruption. Ensuring your software is up-to-date is like locking all your doors and windows before leaving the house.

Insider threats

Sometimes, the danger comes from within your company. Employees, whether intentionally or accidentally, can compromise your network security. 

An example might be an employee who mistypes a command and inadvertently grants broader access rights to sensitive data. Regular training and strict access controls can help mitigate this risk.

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks

These attacks flood your network with traffic, causing legitimate services to become unavailable. Imagine trying to work while thousands of fake requests overload your servers. It’s impossible. Having a robust network infrastructure and response plan can help you stay resilient against these situations.

Malware

This malicious software can come in many forms, such as viruses, worms, or trojans. It can be as simple as a USB drive left in the parking lot, tempting someone to plug it into their workstation. 

Once inside, the malware can spread, corrupt data, or even spy on your activities. Good endpoint protection and awareness training are your best defenses here.

Advanced persistent threats (APTs)

These are prolonged, targeted attacks that aim to steal data rather than cause immediate damage. Think of them as burglars who quietly sneak into your house and stay hidden, gathering valuables over time. Detecting APTs requires continuous monitoring and advanced threat detection capabilities.

By understanding these threats, you can better prepare and protect your network. This knowledge allows you to be proactive in your defenses, ensuring you allocate your resources effectively and stay one step ahead of potential attackers.

How to create a cybersecurity roadmap

Step 1. Initial assessment

Before you can pave the way forward, you need to know where you stand. Think of this as a health check-up for your network. Without this step, you would be shooting in the dark.

First, you need to identify all your assets. This means taking inventory of all hardware, software, and sensitive data. Don't forget about cloud services; they're part of your ecosystem too.

Identifying vulnerabilities

After the initial assessment of your threat landscape, you need to pinpoint the weak spots in your network and IT systems before they can be exploited. Your first step in this is running vulnerability scans. Think of these as high-tech magnifying glasses that examine your network's defenses. 

For example, a scan might reveal that your email server is running an outdated software version. That's a glaring weak point that cybercriminals would love to exploit.

Next, you delve deeper with penetration testing. This is where you simulate attacks on your own systems, like hiring a friendly burglar to test your locks. These ethical hackers can reveal how an actual attacker might breach your defenses. 

Say they find that your customer database is susceptible to SQL injection attacks. This finding allows you to fix the issue before a malicious actor takes advantage of it.

We also need to assess your user accounts and password policies, patch management policies, and conduct configuration reviews. Sometimes, systems are set up with default settings that are far from secure. Just as important is ensuring that your vendors and partners are maintaining robust security measures.

Don’t forget about physical security vulnerabilities. Access to your servers and networking equipment should be restricted. Implementing strong physical security measures, like key card access and surveillance cameras, adds another layer of protection.

Step 2. Developing security policies and procedures

Once you know your vulnerabilities, the next step is to establish robust security policies and procedures. Think of these as the rules of your fortress. They guide you on how to build, maintain, and defend every wall and gate. 

The first thing you must tackle is access control. Who gets to access what in your network? You need clear policies that define user roles and permissions. For instance, by implementing role-based access control, you ensure that employees can only access the data necessary for their job.

Password policies come next. You need to enforce strong, complex passwords that are changed regularly. Additionally, multi-factor authentication (MFA) should be mandatory wherever possible. Even if someone gets hold of a password, without that second factor, they're stuck outside the network.

Incident response procedures are your blueprint for handling breaches. This involves creating a step-by-step plan for identifying, containing, and eradicating threats. Having these procedures documented and rehearsed means you are not scrambling when chaos strikes.

Data encryption policies are essential too. You must ensure that sensitive data both at rest and in transit is encrypted. Similarly, using SSL/TLS for data transmitted over the network is like sealing your messages in a secure envelope.

Backup policies also play a crucial role. Regular, automated backups of critical data ensure that you can recover quickly if disaster strikes. For example, having daily backups stored offsite means that even a ransomware attack won't cripple you. You can simply restore your systems to the last known good state.

You also need to establish clear policies for software updates and patch management. This means regular scans and timely application of patches and updates. Being that proactive keeps you ahead of potential exploits.

Third-party vendor policies are necessary as well. We need to ensure that your partners and vendors adhere to stringent security standards. For example, requiring them to sign agreements that they comply with your security requirements and conduct regular security assessments. This way, a breach in their network doesn’t spill over into yours.

You must also constantly monitor network activity to detect and respond to anomalies. For instance, configuring logs to alert you of multiple failed login attempts can help you catch a brute-force attack early.

Step 3. Implementing technical controls

Technical controls are the tools and mechanisms you put in place to safeguard your network. First up, you need firewalls. These act as the primary barrier between your internal network and the wild internet. 

For example, a properly configured firewall will block unauthorized access while allowing legitimate traffic. You should regularly review and update your firewall rules to ensure they offer maximum protection, like inspecting and reinforcing the locks on your doors.

Next, you have intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS). These systems monitor your network for suspicious activities and can automatically take action to block potential threats. If your IDPS detects unusual login attempts from a foreign IP address, it can block that IP immediately, preventing a possible breach.

Antivirus and anti-malware software are your gatekeepers against malicious software. You need robust solutions that scan your network and endpoints for viruses, worms, trojans, and other malware. Ensuring that this software is always up-to-date is crucial, much like regularly updating your fortress's defenses to counter new types of attacks.

Encryption technologies are another cornerstone. You must ensure that all sensitive data, whether it’s at rest or in transit, is encrypted. For example, storing your customer database with AES-256 encryption ensures that even if someone breaches your defenses, they can't easily read the data. 

Similarly, using SSL/TLS encryption for data transmitted over the network ensures that intercepted communications remain secure and private.

Access controls and identity management are essential too. Implementing solutions like single sign-on (SSO) and multi-factor authentication (MFA) can vastly improve your security. 

For instance, MFA requires users to provide two forms of identification before granting access, like a password and a fingerprint scan. Even if someone guesses a password, without the second factor, access is denied. 

SSO simplifies the user experience by allowing one set of login credentials to access multiple systems, reducing the chances of password fatigue and misuse.

Network segmentation will limit the damage of a potential breach. By dividing your network into segments based on functionality and sensitivity, you can control and restrict access to critical systems. 

If a cyber attacker manages to infiltrate one segment, they can't easily leapfrog into another, much like containing a fire to prevent it from spreading across your complex of connected buildings.

Regular patch management practices ensure that your systems and software are up-to-date with the latest security patches. Automated patch management tools can significantly simplify this process, ensuring timely updates without manual intervention. With automated tools, you can deploy the necessary patches swiftly, locking down your defenses before attackers exploit the weakness.

Data loss prevention (DLP) solutions help you protect sensitive information from being accidentally or maliciously shared. These tools can monitor and control the transfer of data across your network. 

For example, a DLP solution could prevent an employee from emailing a confidential file to an external address or uploading it to a cloud storage service. This way, you ensure your sensitive data stays within your controlled environment.

Finally, implementing robust logging and monitoring mechanisms is like having round-the-clock sentries keeping watch. You need to log all significant activities on your network, including user logins, file accesses, and configuration changes. 

Using centralized logging solutions, you can correlate logs from different sources to identify patterns indicative of a security threat. For example, multiple failed login attempts followed by a successful one might indicate a brute-force attack that warrants immediate investigation.

By instituting these technical controls, you fortify your network against a wide array of threats, ensuring that you're not just reacting to incidents but proactively defending against them.

Step 4. Monitoring and detection

It's crucial to identify suspicious activities before they turn into full-blown attacks. Deploying a Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) system can help with this. This system aggregates logs from various sources—firewalls, servers, applications—and analyzes them in real-time. 

For example, if your firewall logs show repeated failed login attempts followed by a successful one, the SIEM can alert you to a potential brute-force attack.

Network monitoring tools are your eyes on the ground. These tools continuously inspect your network traffic for anomalies. For example, a sudden spike in outbound traffic from a workstation that usually has minimal activity could indicate data exfiltration. A robust network monitoring tool would flag this and help you investigate the cause immediately.

Endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools also play a vital role. They provide real-time monitoring and alert you to suspicious activities on individual devices. For example, if an employee's laptop starts communicating with a known malicious IP address, the EDR system can isolate the device and trigger an investigation.

You should also use intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) to bolster your defenses. These systems monitor network and system activities for malicious actions. For instance, an IDPS might detect and block an attempt to exploit a known vulnerability in your web server.

Setting up alerts for unusual behavior is essential, too. Your monitoring systems should notify you of activities that deviate from the norm. For example, if an employee accesses a sensitive database at an odd hour, you get an alert to investigate further. This helps you catch potential insider threats early.

Regularly reviewing logs and alerts is crucial for effective monitoring and detection. You should have a dedicated team or schedule time to sift through logs and investigate alerts. This proactive approach ensures you don't miss subtle signs of a brewing attack.

Using advanced threat intelligence feeds can enhance your monitoring capabilities. These feeds provide up-to-date information on emerging threats and malicious IP addresses. For instance, integrating these feeds into your SIEM allows you to cross-check your network traffic against known threat indicators.

User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA) solutions add another layer of intelligence. These tools analyze the behavior patterns of users and entities on your network. 

For instance, if an employee typically accesses files in the finance department but suddenly starts downloading large volumes of data from HR, the UEBA system flags it as suspicious. This way you can catch anomalies that might slip through traditional monitoring.

Finally, establishing a Security Operations Center (SOC) can centralize your monitoring and detection efforts. The SOC acts as your command center, where a team of experts monitors the network 24/7. 

For example, if a zero-day vulnerability is announced, your SOC team can quickly assess your exposure and take immediate action to mitigate the risk. This constant vigilance ensures you are always prepared to respond to threats, no matter when they occur.

Step 5. Incident response and recovery

Incident response and recovery are your emergency plans for when things go south. You need to be prepared to act swiftly and efficiently. The first step is having a detailed incident response plan (IRP). This plan outlines the steps to take when you detect a security incident. 

For example, if you find malware on a workstation, your IRP should specify how to isolate the infected device, notify the response team, and start the investigation. 

Next, you need a dedicated incident response team (IRT) that handles threat identification, containment, and eradication. Their expertise ensures you don't waste valuable time figuring out what to do. 

Say you detect unusual network traffic indicating a possible data breach. Your IRT would immediately jump into action, identify the source, and contain the breach. Think of them as your emergency responders, trained and ready to tackle crises head-on.

Communication is crucial during an incident. You need clear protocols for internal and external communication. For example, if a significant breach occurs:

• Who informs the affected customers? 
• What details do you share with the media? 

Having predefined templates and a communication plan helps you manage the flow of information and maintain your reputation. It's like having designated spokespeople who know exactly what to say in a crisis.

Conducting regular incident response drills is essential. These drills help you test and refine your IRP. For example, you could simulate a phishing attack to see how quickly your team detects and responds to it. These exercises highlight gaps in your plan and improve your readiness.

Documentation during an incident is vital. You must record every action taken, from the initial detection to the final resolution. For example, documenting the steps taken to remove malware helps you understand what worked and what didn’t. These records provide valuable insights for post-incident analysis and help you improve your response strategies.

Once you have contained and eradicated the threat, recovery begins. This involves restoring affected systems and data to normal operation. For example, if ransomware encrypts your files, you would restore from your most recent backups. Ensuring these backups are up-to-date and tested regularly is critical..

After recovery, you must conduct a thorough post-incident review. This review examines what happened, how you responded, and what you can do better next time. 

For instance, if an employee fell for a phishing scam, you might need additional training sessions to raise awareness. These reviews are about continuous improvement. Think of them as debriefing sessions that help you refine your strategies.

Lastly, it’s crucial to update your incident response plan based on lessons learned. Cyber threats evolve, and so should your defenses. For example, if you discover a new type of attack during an incident, your IRP should be updated to include specific steps to counter it. This dynamic approach keeps you prepared for future threats.

By focusing on incident response and recovery, you ensure you are not just reacting to threats but actively managing them and learning from each experience. This proactive approach fortifies your defenses and helps you bounce back stronger from any cyber incident.

Step 6. Employee training and awareness

Your cybersecurity roadmap will not accomplish much if the people who are supposed to implement it do not understand why you need it and how to get the best out of it. Each team member needs to understand the role they play in your cybersecurity strategy. 

It is crucial to conduct regular training sessions. For example, monthly workshops where you discuss common threats like phishing and ransomware. In those trainings, you could simulate phishing attacks to see how your team responds. This exercise helps you identify who might need more training and raises overall awareness.

Next, you need to focus on creating a culture of cybersecurity. This means making security a part of everyone's daily routine. For instance, encouraging employees to report suspicious emails without fear of reprimand fosters an environment where everyone feels responsible for cybersecurity.

You also need to emphasize the importance of strong passwords. During your training sessions, you can show how easily simple passwords can be cracked. Highlight the dangers of using weak passwords and encourage the use of password managers.

Promoting the use of multi-factor authentication (MFA) is another critical aspect. You can walk employees through the process of setting up MFA during a hands-on workshop. 

For example, you might show them how to link their work accounts to an authenticator app on their smartphones. This hands-on experience ensures they understand and are comfortable using MFA in their daily work.

Educating your team about data protection and how to handle sensitive information is also essential. For example, explaining the proper way to store and transmit customer data can prevent accidental breaches. 

During training, you could use scenarios to show what can go wrong if data is mishandled. This practical approach helps reinforce the importance of following security protocols.

Regularly updating your team on new threats and security practices keeps everyone in the loop. You can do this through a monthly cybersecurity newsletter with the latest news, tips, and best practices. This ensures your team stays informed and prevents your defenses from becoming outdated.

Recognizing and rewarding good cybersecurity practices can also motivate your team and reinforce the ‘security first’ attitude in your teams. For instance, acknowledging someone who reports a phishing attempt or follows best practices can encourage others to do the same. 

Step 7. Regular review and updates

You can't just set up defenses and forget about them. You need to keep your security measures current and effective. Conducting regular reviews and updates is the best way to do this.

Regularly review your security policies and procedures to ensure they keep up with the ever-evolving threat landscape. If you introduced a new software tool last quarter, for example, you need to update your policies to include this tool. This means checking how data is stored, shared, and accessed within the new tool.

Next, you should conduct periodic security audits. Audits help you spot weaknesses you might have missed. For instance, an audit might reveal that some user accounts still have access they no longer need. By correcting these, you minimize potential entry points for attackers. 

Your incident response plan needs regular testing and updating too. You may run a drill every six months where you simulate different types of attacks to see how well your team responds. After the drills, you review what went well and where you struggled. This helps you refine your plan.

Regularly checking that your backups are functioning is just as essential. You can schedule monthly tests where you restore files from your backups to ensure everything works as expected.

Threat intelligence feeds should be reviewed and updated frequently. The goal is to ensure you are getting the most relevant information. For example, if you notice a spike in phishing attacks targeting your industry, integrating this intel into your security systems helps you stay ahead.

Lastly, you should revisit your vendor relationships and third-party access regularly. Ensure they still comply with your security standards. For instance, regularly reviewing existing vendors ensures they maintain high standards. 

Updating your cybersecurity roadmap

You can't afford to be static. You need to be agile and ready to pivot. Set a regular schedule for updates. For instance, every six months, you should revisit your roadmap to ensure it still aligns with your overall security goals and the current threat landscape.

In those updates, take time to reassess your priorities. Maybe six months ago, securing your email system was your top priority. But now, with the rise in remote work, securing your VPN connections might take precedence. 

You should look at recent incidents and audits to understand where your focus should shift. For example, if your last security audit highlighted vulnerabilities in your cloud infrastructure, that needs to move up your priority list.

Gathering input from various stakeholders is crucial. Your IT team, management, and even your frontline employees might have different perspectives. 

For example, your IT team might suggest upgrading your intrusion detection system, while your sales team might express concerns about secure access to customer databases. By combining these insights, you can create a more comprehensive and effective roadmap.

You should review your regulatory compliance requirements, too. Laws and regulations change, and you need to stay ahead of them. For example, if new data protection laws are enacted, your roadmap should include steps to ensure compliance, like updating your data encryption practices or revising your privacy policies.

Technology advances rapidly, so evaluating new tools and solutions should also be part of your roadmap updates. Maybe a new security solution has become available that can better protect your network. 

For instance, if a new endpoint detection and response (EDR) tool offers more advanced features than your current solution, you should consider integrating it.

Budget considerations also play a role. As you update your roadmap, reassess your budget allocations. For example, if your priorities have shifted to enhancing cloud security, you might need to allocate more funds for cloud security tools and training. 

Balancing your resources ensures you get the best protection without overspending, much like wisely distributing your resources to fortify different parts of the fortress.

After updating the roadmap, you must communicate changes clearly to everyone involved. This ensures that all team members, from IT to management, are aware of the new priorities and their roles in implementing them. 

If you have decided to focus more on data encryption, your IT team needs clear instructions on the new protocols, while your employees need training on handling encrypted data. Clear communication ensures everyone moves in the same direction.